Most At Risk Jobs

Occupations ranked by their generative-AI exposure index, highest first, with the BLS exposure category and the projected US employment change to 2035. High exposure means more of the work is tasks AI can do or is used for, not that the job will disappear.

Read Methodology

Rank	Job	Generative-AI exposure	US BLS category	US jobs 2025–35
1	Call Center Agent	99	Very high exposure	-5.3%
2	Customer Support	99	Very high exposure	-5.3%
3	Interpreter	98	Very high exposure	+2.0%
4	Translator	98	Very high exposure	+2.0%
5	Web Developer	97	Very high exposure	+3.8%
6	Technical Writer	96	Very high exposure	+0.8%
7	Programmer	96	Very high exposure	-7.3%
8	Content Writer	95	Very high exposure	-0.3%
9	Copywriter	95	Very high exposure	-0.3%
10	Data Analyst	95	Very high exposure	+34.6%
11	Data Scientist	95	Very high exposure	+34.6%
12	Software Tester	95	Very high exposure	+5.7%
13	Advertising Specialist	94	Very high exposure	+7.0%
14	Market Research Analyst	94	Very high exposure	+7.0%
15	Marketing Specialist	94	Very high exposure	+7.0%
16	SEO Specialist	94	Very high exposure	+7.0%
17	Social Media Manager	94	Very high exposure	+7.0%
18	IT Support Specialist	94	Very high exposure	-3.5%
19	Editor	94	Very high exposure	-1.1%
20	Sales Representative	93	Very high exposure	-0.9%
21	Telemarketer	93	Very high exposure	-21.4%
22	Data Entry Clerk	93	Very high exposure	-25.5%
23	Journalist	93	Very high exposure	-5.9%
24	Database Administrator	92	Very high exposure	-0.1%
25	Economist	92	Very high exposure	+4.7%
26	Administrative Assistant	91	Very high exposure	-6.0%
27	Financial Analyst	91	Very high exposure	+7.2%
28	Proofreader	91	Very high exposure	-0.9%
29	Cloud Engineer	91	Very high exposure	+5.1%
30	Sociologist	90	Very high exposure	+3.8%
31	Receptionist	90	Very high exposure	-1.7%
32	UX Designer	90	Very high exposure	+6.0%
33	Investment Banker	89	Very high exposure	+1.4%
34	Loan Officer	89	Very high exposure	+1.1%
35	Stock Trader	89	Very high exposure	+1.4%
36	Travel Agent	89	Very high exposure	+0.2%
37	Office Clerk	89	Very high exposure	-6.0%
38	Tax Preparer	88	Very high exposure	+4.7%
39	System Administrator	88	Very high exposure	-4.1%
40	Business Analyst	88	Very high exposure	+10.1%
41	Management Consultant	88	Very high exposure	+10.1%
42	Cybersecurity Analyst	87	Very high exposure	+21.0%
43	Museum Curator	86	Very high exposure	+4.9%
44	Insurance Agent	86	Very high exposure	+3.3%
45	Instructional Designer	86	Very high exposure	+1.6%
46	Network Engineer	86	Very high exposure	+7.7%
47	Librarian	85	Very high exposure	+2.6%
48	Meteorologist	85	Very high exposure	+2.6%
49	AI Engineer	85	Very high exposure	+10.2%
50	DevOps Engineer	85	Very high exposure	+10.2%
51	Game Developer	85	Very high exposure	+10.2%
52	Software Engineer	85	Very high exposure	+10.2%
53	HR Specialist	85	Very high exposure	+6.4%
54	Recruiter	85	Very high exposure	+6.4%
55	Court Reporter	85	Very high exposure	-0.1%
56	Training Specialist	85	Very high exposure	+10.8%
57	Urban Planner	85	Very high exposure	+3.9%
58	Accountant	84	Very high exposure	+5.0%
59	Auditor	84	Very high exposure	+5.0%
60	Physicist	84	Very high exposure	+7.2%
61	Customer Success Manager	83	Very high exposure	+3.9%
62	Archivist	83	Very high exposure	+3.4%
63	Marketing Manager	82	Very high exposure	+6.9%
64	Product Manager	82	Very high exposure	+6.9%
65	Graphic Designer	82	Very high exposure	-1.7%
66	Historian	82	Very high exposure	+3.0%
67	Astronomer	81	Very high exposure	+7.8%
68	Scheduler	81	Very high exposure	-1.3%
69	Machine Learning Engineer	80	Very high exposure	+21.8%
70	Biologist	80	Very high exposure	+4.7%
71	Anthropologist	80	Very high exposure	+6.0%
72	Sustainability Consultant	80	Very high exposure	+3.9%
73	Diplomat	79	Very high exposure	–
74	Retail Salesperson	79	Very high exposure	-0.3%
75	Logistics Coordinator	79	Very high exposure	+17.6%
76	Supply Chain Analyst	79	Very high exposure	+17.6%
77	Bookkeeper	78	Very high exposure	-5.6%
78	Career Counselor	77	Very high exposure	+2.9%
79	Real Estate Agent	77	Very high exposure	+1.7%
80	Chemist	77	Very high exposure	+6.4%
81	Claims Adjuster	77	Very high exposure	-5.5%
82	Tutor	77	Very high exposure	-0.2%
83	Animator	76	High exposure	-0.3%
84	Real Estate Broker	76	Very high exposure	+0.8%
85	Environmental Scientist	75	Very high exposure	+6.1%
86	Professor	75	Very high exposure	+2.0%
87	Retail Cashier	75	High exposure	-6.5%
88	Mechanical Engineer	75	Very high exposure	+11.2%
89	Psychologist	75	High exposure	+11.7%
90	Insurance Underwriter	74	Very high exposure	-3.8%
91	Supply Chain Manager	74	Very high exposure	+6.1%
92	Warehouse Manager	74	Very high exposure	+6.1%
93	Industrial Engineer	74	Very high exposure	+12.4%
94	Bank Teller	73	High exposure	-13.2%
95	Lawyer	73	Very high exposure	+4.7%
96	Prosecutor	73	Very high exposure	+4.7%
97	Compensation Analyst	72	Very high exposure	+6.0%
98	Pharmacist	72	High exposure	+5.2%
99	School Counselor	72	Very high exposure	+2.9%
100	Research Assistant	71	Very high exposure	+4.4%
101	Fashion Designer	70	High exposure	+0.1%
102	Agricultural Scientist	70	Very high exposure	+6.7%
103	Project Manager	70	Very high exposure	+6.7%
104	Photographer	70	High exposure	-0.7%
105	Hotel Manager	70	High exposure	+3.8%
106	Procurement Specialist	70	Very high exposure	+6.0%
107	Waste Management Specialist	69	Very high exposure	+3.8%
108	Architect	69	High exposure	+4.3%
109	Energy Engineer	68	Very high exposure	+3.7%
110	Film Director	68	High exposure	+4.0%
111	Music Producer	68	High exposure	+4.0%
112	Robotics Engineer	68	Very high exposure	+3.7%
113	Geologist	68	High exposure	+5.1%
114	Video Editor	68	High exposure	+3.7%
115	Property Manager	67	High exposure	+3.7%
116	Radiologist	67	High exposure	+3.4%
117	Social Worker	66	High exposure	+8.5%
118	Civil Engineer	65	High exposure	+6.4%
119	Construction Manager	65	High exposure	+9.1%
120	Paralegal	64	High exposure	-0.3%
121	Politician	64	–	–
122	Operations Manager	63	High exposure	+5.0%
123	Civil Drafter	63	High exposure	+5.2%
124	Illustrator	62	High exposure	-2.9%
125	Teacher	61	High exposure	-0.4%
126	Tour Guide	60	High exposure	+6.3%
127	Model	59	High exposure	-2.1%
128	Surveying Technician	59	High exposure	+5.8%
129	Electrical Engineer	58	High exposure	+9.9%
130	Therapist	57	High exposure	+11.9%
131	Interior Designer	57	High exposure	+2.7%
132	Flight Attendant	56	High exposure	+8.8%
133	Judge	55	High exposure	+2.8%
134	Psychiatrist	55	High exposure	+7.2%
135	Actor	54	Moderate exposure	+0.0%
136	Detective	54	High exposure	+0.2%
137	Human Resources Manager	54	High exposure	+5.5%
138	Nurse	54	High exposure	+5.6%
139	Composer	53	High exposure	+1.2%
140	Waiter	51	Moderate exposure	+2.0%
141	Doctor	51	High exposure	+3.3%
142	Air Traffic Controller	50	Moderate exposure	+1.7%
143	Athletic Coach	48	Moderate exposure	+6.1%
144	Teaching Assistant	48	High exposure	-0.3%
145	Quality Assurance Specialist	47	Moderate exposure	+2.5%
146	Police Officer	47	High exposure	+3.5%
147	Veterinarian	47	High exposure	+9.4%
148	Medical Assistant	46	Moderate exposure	+12.9%
149	Taxi Driver	45	Moderate exposure	+11.5%
150	Cook	44	Moderate exposure	+12.1%
151	Chef	44	Moderate exposure	+6.6%
152	Bartender	43	Moderate exposure	+5.0%
153	Ship Captain	42	Moderate exposure	+4.0%
154	Delivery Driver	41	Moderate exposure	+6.3%
155	HVAC Technician	41	Moderate exposure	+10.9%
156	Sound Engineer	41	Moderate exposure	-3.1%
157	Truck Driver	39	Moderate exposure	+3.8%
158	Surgeon	39	Moderate exposure	+4.0%
159	Barista	39	Moderate exposure	+5.8%
160	Bus Driver	39	Moderate exposure	+4.1%
161	Fitness Trainer	39	Moderate exposure	+7.3%
162	Security Guard	39	Moderate exposure	+0.9%
163	Pilot	39	Moderate exposure	+8.3%
164	Power Plant Operator	39	Moderate exposure	-5.1%
165	Mechanic	38	Moderate exposure	+17.8%
166	Laboratory Technician	37	Moderate exposure	+2.7%
167	Electrician	36	Moderate exposure	+9.2%
168	Train Operator	35	Moderate exposure	+0.5%
169	Warehouse Operator	34	Moderate exposure	+8.9%
170	Dentist	33	Moderate exposure	+5.7%
171	Paramedic	32	Low exposure	+5.7%
172	Farmer	32	Moderate exposure	-3.4%
173	Automotive Technician	29	Moderate exposure	+5.0%
174	Plumber	28	Moderate exposure	+6.8%
175	Veterinary Assistant	28	Moderate exposure	+9.1%
176	Renewable Energy Technician	27	Moderate exposure	+29.5%
177	Baker	27	Moderate exposure	+5.5%
178	Ship Engineer	27	Low exposure	+2.7%
179	Water Treatment Operator	27	Low exposure	-5.7%
180	Firefighter	25	Low exposure	+3.7%
181	Aircraft Mechanic	23	Low exposure	+5.4%
182	Elevator Technician	22	Low exposure	+5.7%
183	Carpenter	19	Low exposure	+3.9%
184	Construction Worker	19	Low exposure	+7.3%
185	Miner	19	Low exposure	-1.0%
186	Welder	18	Low exposure	+2.4%
187	Fisherman	17	Low exposure	-4.2%
188	Housekeeper	13	Low exposure	+0.6%

Exposure runs from 0 to 100 and compares occupations with each other, using public datasets (see sources). It is not a probability that the job disappears. Methodology

Sources

Exposure index calculated by ai-job-risk.net from the datasets below (data as of October 15, 2026). US labour figures are from the BLS, unchanged.

The publishers did not prepare, review or endorse this site. Full citations, licences and method

Frequently asked questions

Q.What does "most at risk" mean in this ranking?

It ranks every occupation we cover by its generative-AI exposure index, highest first. A high figure means a large share of the work is tasks AI can do or is already used for, not that the job will vanish.

Q.Does high exposure mean the job will disappear?

No. The BLS, the ILO and both AI companies whose data we use say the same: exposure is not job loss. Several of the most exposed occupations are projected to grow in the US to 2035; the change is usually in what the job consists of.

Q.How is the exposure index calculated?

We convert four public datasets to percentiles, two task analyses (Eloundou et al.; ILO) and two measures of real AI use (Microsoft Copilot; Anthropic Claude), and average the theoretical and observed halves. The methodology page gives the formula and the sources.

Q.How often is this ranking updated?

The figures change only when a source publishes a new edition, so the ranking is stable between editions. The date of the current data is shown on every page.