AI Job Risk in Spain

Average generative-AI exposure of the workforce

0.297

ILO score (0–1). Rank 14 of 20 countries.

People in employment, 2025

21,531,000

ILO modelled estimate

What people in Spain work as

Share of employment in each ISCO-08 major occupation group, and the group's average generative-AI exposure (ILO score, 0–1). The country figure above is the employment-weighted average of the exposure column.

Occupation group	Share of employment	Exposure (ILO, 0–1)
Service and sales workers	21.1%	0.26
Professionals	20.2%	0.39
Skilled agricultural workers and elementary occupations	14.1%	0.15
Technicians and associate professionals	12.5%	0.35
Craft and related trades workers	10.6%	0.17
Clerical support workers	10.0%	0.53
Plant and machine operators, and assemblers	7.5%	0.20
Managers	4.0%	0.36

Method: each country's employment by ISCO-08 major occupation group (ILOSTAT, ILO modelled estimates) multiplied by the average ILO exposure score of the occupations in that group (ILO Working Paper 140), then added up. The ILO publishes skilled agricultural workers and elementary occupations as one group and leaves out the armed forces. The figure uses the ILO's 0–1 scale, not the 0–100 occupation index used elsewhere on this site, and it treats an occupation as equally exposed in every country.

How to read this page in practice

The notes below explain how to read the country figure, what kind of occupation mix raises or lowers it, and what this comparison can and cannot tell you.

How to Read This Country

Spain is best read by separating its large seasonal and in-person workforce from its growing office-based services layer. Tourism alone supports a wide range of jobs in hotels, restaurants, and travel services that revolve around live human interaction, while agriculture still depends on seasonal field labor tied to harvest cycles and weather. Meanwhile, a maturing business-services and finance sector in cities like Madrid and Barcelona generates the kind of standardized reporting, claims handling, and back-office work that AI tools take on readily. National-level automation pressure therefore looks moderate only because it averages across very different kinds of work.

What drives the figure

Spain's employment is concentrated in tourism and hospitality, retail, agriculture, construction, and an expanding financial and business-services sector clustered in its largest cities. AI pressure is strongest in administrative and back-office functions: insurance processing, call-center scripts, standardized financial reporting, and routine translation or documentation work. It is weakest in front-line hospitality roles such as hotel staff, waiters, and tour guides, in seasonal agricultural work tied to specific crops and regions, and in construction trades, all of which depend on physical presence, timing, and direct human contact that resist automation.

What Holds Up Better

Spain's durability rests on the sheer scale of its in-person service economy. Hospitality and tourism roles that depend on hosting, language, and cultural familiarity hold their value because visitors pay for human warmth as much as efficiency, and seasonal agricultural work remains tied to physical harvesting that machines and software cannot substitute for at scale. Construction and skilled trades, driven by ongoing housing and infrastructure activity, also stay resistant because they require site-specific judgment and manual skill rather than desk-based processing.

What This Page Does Not Claim

A national score obscures the sharp seasonal swings in Spain's labor market, where tourism and agricultural employment expand and contract with the calendar, and it also flattens the difference between coastal, tourism-heavy regions and Spain's more industrial or rural interior. Read the score as an average across a labor market where the timing of the year and the region in question can matter as much as the sector itself, especially for workers whose jobs exist only part of the year.

Jobs Most At Risk from AI

This table is a current snapshot of the jobs that appear on the higher-risk side within this country profile. It is useful as a directional comparison, not as a permanent national ranking. Both lists only include jobs in the three occupation groups that employ the most people in Spain, ordered by exposure index.

Rank	Job	Occupation group	Generative-AI exposure
1	Interpreter	Professionals	98
2	Translator	Professionals	98
3	Web Developer	Professionals	97
4	Technical Writer	Professionals	96
5	Programmer	Professionals	96
6	Content Writer	Professionals	95
7	Copywriter	Professionals	95
8	Data Analyst	Professionals	95
9	Data Scientist	Professionals	95
10	Software Tester	Professionals	95
11	Advertising Specialist	Professionals	94
12	Market Research Analyst	Professionals	94
13	Marketing Specialist	Professionals	94
14	SEO Specialist	Professionals	94
15	Social Media Manager	Professionals	94
16	Editor	Professionals	94
17	Telemarketer	Service and sales workers	93
18	Journalist	Professionals	93
19	Database Administrator	Professionals	92
20	Economist	Professionals	92

Jobs Safest from AI

This table shows the jobs that currently appear on the lower-risk side within this country profile. Read it as a structural comparison of work, not as a guarantee that these roles will stay unchanged.

Rank	Job	Occupation group	Generative-AI exposure
1	Housekeeper	Skilled agricultural workers and elementary occupations	13
2	Fisherman	Skilled agricultural workers and elementary occupations	17
3	Construction Worker	Skilled agricultural workers and elementary occupations	19
4	Firefighter	Service and sales workers	25
5	Farmer	Skilled agricultural workers and elementary occupations	32
6	Dentist	Professionals	33
7	Warehouse Operator	Skilled agricultural workers and elementary occupations	34
8	Security Guard	Service and sales workers	39
9	Barista	Service and sales workers	39
10	Surgeon	Professionals	39
11	Bartender	Service and sales workers	43
12	Cook	Service and sales workers	44
13	Veterinarian	Professionals	47
14	Police Officer	Service and sales workers	47
15	Teaching Assistant	Service and sales workers	48

Sources

Exposure index calculated by ai-job-risk.net from the datasets below (data as of October 15, 2026). US labour figures are from the BLS, unchanged.

The publishers did not prepare, review or endorse this site. Full citations, licences and method

Frequently asked questions

Q.Which jobs are most at risk from AI in Spain?

Most exposed: Interpreter, Translator, Web Developer. Spain's employment is concentrated in tourism and hospitality, retail, agriculture, construction, and an expanding financial and business-services sector clustered in its largest cities. AI pressure is strongest in administrative and back-office functions: insurance processing, call-center scripts, standardized financial reporting, and routine translation or documentation work.

Q.Which jobs are safest from AI in Spain?

Least exposed: Housekeeper, Fisherman, Construction Worker. Spain's durability rests on the sheer scale of its in-person service economy. Hospitality and tourism roles that depend on hosting, language, and cultural familiarity hold their value because visitors pay for human warmth as much as efficiency, and seasonal agricultural work remains tied to physical harvesting that machines and software cannot substitute for at scale.

Q.How exposed is Spain to AI automation?

Spain is best read by separating its large seasonal and in-person workforce from its growing office-based services layer. Tourism alone supports a wide range of jobs in hotels, restaurants, and travel services that revolve around live human interaction, while agriculture still depends on seasonal field labor tied to harvest cycles and weather. Meanwhile, a maturing business-services and finance sector in cities like Madrid and Barcelona generates the kind of standardized reporting, claims handling, and back-office work that AI tools take on readily.

Q.Does high exposure mean jobs will disappear in Spain?

A national score obscures the sharp seasonal swings in Spain's labor market, where tourism and agricultural employment expand and contract with the calendar, and it also flattens the difference between coastal, tourism-heavy regions and Spain's more industrial or rural interior. Read the score as an average across a labor market where the timing of the year and the region in question can matter as much as the sector itself, especially for workers whose jobs exist only part of the year.